Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for.What Causes Heart Disease? Price Foundation. Read this in. Nederlands. Fran. In broad outlines, this theory proposes that when we eat foods rich in saturated fat and cholesterol, cholesterol is then deposited in our arteries in the form of plaque or atheromas that cause blockages. If the blockages become severe, or if a clot forms that cannot get past the plaque, the heart is starved of blood and a heart attack occurs. Many distinguished scientists have pointed to serious flaws in this theory, beginning with the fact that heart disease in America has increased during the period when consumption of saturated fat has decreased. We don’t know enough to say for sure but we do have many clues; and although these clues present a complicated picture, it is not beyond the abilities of dedicated scientists to unravel them. Nor is the picture so complex that the consumer cannot make reasonable life- style adjustments to improve his chances. What Is Heart Disease? Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is not a single disease, but a complex of diseases of varied etiology. Some of the recognized causes of heart disease include damage to the heart muscle or valves due to a congenital defect; or to inflammation and damage associated with various viral, bacterial, fungal, rickettsial or parasitic diseases. Rheumatic fever or syphilis can lead to heart disease, as can genetic or autoimmune disorders in which cellular proteins in the heart muscle are deranged or which disrupt enzymes affecting cardiac function. These factors probably contributed to most cases of heart disease recorded in the early part of the century, when rates of infectious diseases were much higher and antibiotics were not in use. Nevertheless, according to CDC statistics, heart disease was relatively rare in 1. US (http: //www. cdc. In 1. 99. 8, CHD (including stroke) accounted for about 3. One reason for the decline is the fact that victims of heart disease are living longer, due most likely to improved surgical techniques, the advent of angioplasty and the use of anti- clotting drugs given to heart attack victims. But the morbidity rates—the incidence of heart disease—remains high. Of greatest concern is the high rate of heart disease in American men between the ages of 4. The interesting thing is that most cases of heart disease in the twentieth century are of a form that is new, namely heart attack or myocardial infarction—a massive blood clot leading to obstruction of a coronary artery and consequent death to the heart muscle. Myocardial infarction (MI) was almost nonexistent in 1. Paul Dudley White, who introduced the electrocardiograph machine to America, stated the following during a 1. American Heart Association televised fund- raiser: “I began my practice as a cardiologist in 1. The Cleveland Clinic uses weight loss surgery as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, although this method has a much higher risk of complications. Switzerland (/ . It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is.
I never saw an MI patient until 1. By 1. 96. 0, there were at least 5. MI deaths per year in the US. Rates of stroke have also increased and the cause is similar—blockage in the large arteries supplying the brain with blood. The factors that initiate a heart attack (or a stroke) are twofold. One is the pathological buildup of abnormal plaque, or atheromas, in the arteries, plaque that gradually hardens through calcification. Blockage most often occurs in the large arteries feeding the heart or the brain. This abnormal plaque or atherosclerosis should not be confused with the fatty streaks and thickening that is found in the arteries of both primitive and industrialized peoples throughout the world. This thickening is a protective mechanism that occurs in areas where the arteries branch or make a turn and therefore incur the greatest levels of pressure from the blood. Without this natural thickening, our arteries would weaken in these areas as we age, leading to aneurysms and ruptures. With normal thickening, the blood vessel usually widens to accommodate the change. But with atherosclerosis the vessel ultimately becomes more narrow so that even small blood clots may cause an obstruction. The other half of the MI equation is the blood clot or thrombus that blocks blood flow to the heart or brain. Thus, any search for the causes of heart disease must consider complex factors in the blood that promote clotting at inappropriate times, that is, other than in response to bleeding from a rupture or wound. In fact, while a great deal of attention has been focused on the cause and solution to atherosclerosis, the role played by clotting factors in the blood has been relatively neglected. Yet a heart attack due to a clot can occur even in the absence of arterial blockages. Inflammation may also cause blockages. In fact, a new view of coronary artery disease is that it is an inflammatory process, characterized by cycles of irritation, injury, healing and reinjury inside the blood vessels. The inflammatory response is actually a defense mechanism that helps the body heal but when the inflammatory process goes awry, plaques may rupture, provoking clots that lead to heart attacks. The health and integrity of the blood vessel walls is another factor that must be considered. Aneurysms, the dilation and rupture of blood vessels due to weakness in the vessel walls, will naturally provoke a clotting response, not to mention the more immediate danger of rapid blood loss. In addition, biochemical imbalances in the smooth muscle cells may result in spasms that can be just as effective as a blood clot in cutting off blood flow to the heart. Finally, arrythmias—abnormalities in the rhythm of the heart’s pumping mechanism—can lead to interrupted blood flow, oxygen starvation of the heart muscle or complete shut down of the heart—the so- called cardiac arrest. Regulation of the nervous impulses that govern the heart depends on a large number of factors—from mineral status to the integrity of the myelin sheath. Known Risk Factors. There are dozens of risk factors for heart disease. Those cited most often by medical orthodoxy include high blood cholesterol, smoking, lack of exercise, stress and overweight. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is a mild risk factor for individuals with familial hyper- cholesterolemia (cholesterol levels chronically above 3. One factor of apparent importance is smoking, which has been associated in many studies with an increased risk of coronary mortality, even after correction for other risk factors. It is easy to speculate on the mechanism by which smoking causes heart disease. Exposure to fumes containing free radicals may promote the growth of atherosclerotic plaques. Perhaps chronic carbon monoxide intoxication limits the heart’s utilization of oxygen. But the picture is more complex than simple cause and effect. In a multi- year British study involving several thousand men, half were asked to reduce saturated fat and cholesterol in their diets, to stop smoking and to increase the amounts of unsaturated oils such as margarine and vegetable oils. After one year, those on the “good” diet had 1. In a study of Indians from Bombay and Punjab, researchers found that those from Punjab had one- fifth the number of heart attacks even though they smoked eight times more cigarettes. And while smoking was widespread at the turn of the century, myocardial infarction was not. This suggests that there may be factors in traditional diets that protect against the negative effects of smoking. It also raises the question of whether additives now used in cigarette paper and filters and changes in the curing process itself have exacerbated the harmful effects of cigarette use. Perhaps the association between smoking and heart disease is really an association with some other factor—stress, biochemical imbalances, nutrient deficiencies—that creates the desire or the need to smoke. Often when people quit smoking they become nervous and overweight, which may seem a bad bargain of one risk factor in exchange for two more. Regular physical activity is one of the few risk factors that has proved consistent. In all studies, regular physical activity is inversely associated with mortality from CHD, and physical activity is the only factor that has shown dose- response in the trials. Common sense tells us why exercise may be beneficial. When we exercise, our heart beats more rapidly, the arteries widen to provide more oxygen and arterial blood flow improves. Lack of exercise may also be a risk factor because it is a marker for something else that is the true cause. People who are overweight, for example, are less inclined to exercise. Prosperous people who have leisure time are more likely to exercise than those who must work long hours to make ends meet—and we know that heart disease in westernized nations is more prevalent among the poor. Dietary factors may make people less inclined to exercise. An interesting finding in the Framingham study was that those who ate the most saturated fat, the most calories and the most cholesterol were the most physically active. They also weighed the least and had the lowest levels of serum cholesterol! Common sense also tells us why overweight may be a risk factor. People who are overweight are less inclined to exercise. They probably eat large quantities of refined foods that provide lots of calories but little nourishment. They may have biochemical imbalances that contribute not only to overweight but also to some of the many aspects of heart disease, such as the tendency to form blood clots. Many doctors have noticed that heart attack strikes in the months just after severe emotional trauma—loss of a spouse or close friend, bankruptcy, layoff or disappointment. We know that grief changes many aspects of the body chemistry, making us more vulnerable to all sorts of diseases—not just heart disease but also cancer, allergies, tuberculosis and depression. But mankind has always suffered loss and grief. The question is why these traumas cause heart attacks today but did not in 1.
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The Kaiser 3 day diet is another diet that claims massive weight loss in a short space of time. This diet claims that you can lose 10 pounds in three days. If you've been reading HCG diet reviews read my account of phase one and two plus my actual daily losses. Unlike other HCG reviews this is my personal. Based on Michael Rafael Moreno's 2011 book, "The 17 Day Diet: A Doctor's Plan Designed for Rapid Results," the regimen is purportedly built to help you shed pounds. Disclaimer: My 17 Day Diet Blog is in no way affiliated with Dr. Moreno's 17 Day Diet. All information presented on this website is for informational purposes only. The 1. 7 Day Diet. The Promise. The newest edition of the best- selling 1. Day Diet by Mike Moreno, MD, promises to help you rev up your fat- burning metabolism, shed pounds, and build healthy new habits. The key, according to the San Diego family medicine doctor, lies in changing your calorie count and food combinations every 1. This, he says, keeps your metabolism in a fat- burning state because it is constantly guessing how much food it will have to process. The Paleo diet is everywhere these days. Four Hour Workweek author Tim. ![]() ![]() ![]() What You Can Eat and What You Can't. The plan relies on lean protein, antioxidant- rich produce, probiotics, and good fats. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() It bans sugar, processed foods, salty foods, and fried foods. Early on, you minimize starchy vegetables and high- sugar fruits, and cheats like alcohol are off the table entirely. As the diet progresses, though, it gradually eases up. By the end, you can have the occasional drink, 1. Because of how our metabolism changes throughout the day, you should only eat fruit before 2 p. Moreno says. Level of Effort: Medium. Even at its strictest, the plan gives you plenty of variety and personal choice. Limitations: The diet starts off at its most restrictive - - 1,2. But as users move through the cycles, more and more foods are added. Cooking and shopping: Dieters can pick and tailor their own recipes to fit the plan, or choose among a wide selection of recipes included in the book. Package foods or meals: Optional. Diet delivery service Bistro. MD offers customizable menus for under $1. In- person meetings: No. Exercise: Required. The book includes a 1. Does It Allow for Dietary Restrictions or Preferences? Vegetarians and vegans: Though the core diet is anchored in plenty of animal products - - lean meat, fish, eggs, and probiotic- rich dairy products are emphasized - - there are plenty of substitutions that can be made, among them tofu, rice protein powder, and soy milk. Low- salt diet: The diet recommends low- salt foods. Low- fat diet: Moreno’s meal plans rest heavily on moderate amounts of healthy fats like olive and flaxseed oils. What Else You Should Know. Cost: None beyond your groceries. Support: There’s a 1. Day Diet app, which includes recipes and a tool to check whether a food is allowed. A number of online support communities also exist, and the TV show The Doctors has even created an online community called the 1. Day Diet Club. What Dr. Melinda Ratini Says: Does It Work? Experts are mixed on metabolism- revving claims such as Moreno’s. And research on the use of probiotics as a weight loss aid or general wellness booster is growing. But what’s certain is that the diet is anchored in whole foods, regular exercise, and other good habits that can help achieve lasting weight loss and weight maintenance. Is It Good for Certain Conditions? Weight loss and exercise are proven ways to help prevent and treat heart disease and diabetes. They also help keep blood pressure under control and help raise good HDL cholesterol and lower bad LDL cholesterol. Throw in the plan’s emphasis on low- fat and low- salt foods, and you can lower your risk even more. If you have kidney disease, this plan might include too much protein for you. Check with your dietitian or doctor about your particular protein needs. The exercise portion of the program starts slowly with just 1. It quickly increases to 4. If you have heart disease or any other medical conditions, you should check with your doctor before starting this program. The Final Word. Whether it revs up your metabolism or not, the 1. Day Diet provides a framework of diet and exercise that may help you shed the pounds. Even at its most restrictive phase, the plan allows enough calories to provide an interesting and balanced diet. And it lets you add activity gradually until you meet or exceed the amount recommended by the American Heart Association and most health experts. The maintenance phase and strong support communities should help to reinforce long- term success. If you eat out a lot, are on the road, or have a very busy schedule, it may be challenging to find the time needed to shop for and prepare these meals. You will need to be highly motivated. Also, you will be spending money on probiotics that may not really be helping you meet your nutrition and fitness goals. Check with your doctor before starting the 1. Day Diet if you have heart or kidney disease or any other medical problems to be sure it is right for you. Las 2. 0 preguntas m. Fibromyalgia is a neurologic chronic health condition that causes pain all over the body and other symptoms. Other symptoms of fibromyalgia that patients most often. Fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is an. Una porción de carbohidratos, como una papa asada, una rebanada de pan. Fibromialgia? La fibromialgia es un trastorno que se asocia con dolor cr. Se cree que afecta aproximadamente a un 4 % de la poblaci. La edad promedio en la que se empiezan a manifestar los s. La fibromialgia no es una enfermedad, sino una constelaci. Afortunadamente, la fibromialgia no representa un riesgo para la vida del paciente y no ocasiona da. Puede presentarse por s. Con el transcurso del tiempo y a pesar de que los s. En un peque. Se desconoce la causa de la fibromialgia, pero se cree que se debe a una funci. Esta amplificaci. De esta forma, los est. La fibromialgia no puede diagnosticarse a trav. Los resultados de las radiograf. Por lo tanto, el diagn. Aunque la fibromialgia es m. Por lo general, se presenta en varios lugares alrededor del cuerpo, aunque podr. El dolor producido por la fibromialgia ha sido descrito en una gran variedad de formas, tales como ardor, rigidez o un dolor fuerte y permanente. A menudo, el dolor var. Muchas personas con fibromialgia afirman que siempre sienten algo de dolor, aunque el dolor va y viene. Para algunos, el dolor puede ser bastante intenso. De igual forma, las . Aunque los puntos sensibles que se ilustran son los m. Fatiga y alteraciones del sue. A veces, el cansancio es un problema mucho m. Algunos pacientes tienen problemas para quedarse dormidos, mientras otros tienen un sue. La fibromialgia es un trastorno crónico que se caracteriza por un dolor musculoesquelético extendido, fatiga y múltiples puntos sensibles. Los "puntos sensibles. La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad que. Se invita a los lectores a duplicar y distribuir tantas copias como. Condiciones En Profundidad: Fibromialgia. Sindrome de Fatiga cronica y fibromialgia. Exercise for Fibromyalgia. El cansancio puede variar desde una simple desgana y menor resistencia al esfuerzo en ciertas actividades hasta la extenuaci. Las investigaciones han demostrado que la interrupci. La fatiga y dem. Con frecuencia, las personas con fibromialgia se sienten tristes o deca. Algunos investigadores piensan que hay una conexi. Sin embargo, cualquier persona con una enfermedad cr. Los individuos con fibromialgia pueden presentar dificultades al concentrarse o al realizar tareas mentales sencillas. Estos problemas aparecen y desaparecen y a menudo son m. Se han notado problemas similares en personas con cambios en su estado de . Otros problemas Los dolores de cabeza, especialmente aquellos causados por la tensi. De igual forma, la fibromialgia se asocia con dolor en los m. En estos casos, la fibromialgia puede considerse como regional, localizada o incompleta. El dolor de est. La irritabilidad y los espasmos de la vejiga podr. El paciente tambi. Algunos de los problemas que pueden relacionarse con la fibromialgia incluyen mareos, piernas inquietas, endometriosis, cosquilleo y adormecimiento de las manos y de los pies. Para diagnosticar la fibromialgia, su doctor le har. El examen f. Debido a que los s. Por esta raz. Si a usted no se le diagnostica con fibromialgia, el examen ser. Usualmente, una persona es diagnosticada con fibromialgia si tiene un historial cl. El tener estos s. No existen pruebas de laboratorio o rayos X que ayuden al doctor a diagnosticar la fibromialgia. No obstante, los ex. Por ejemplo, una gl. Nadie sabe con seguridad la causa de la fibromialgia. Los investigadores especulan que hay muchos factores diversos que, por s. Por ejemplo, una enfermedad infecciosa, un trauma f. Las investigaciones sugieren que las personas con fibromialgia tienen niveles anormales de qu. De igual manera, tambi. Se ignora si estas anormalidades son la causa o el resultado de la fibromialgia. Algunas personas con fibromialgia manifiestan s. Efectuar peque. Otras personas, sin embargo, requieren un programa de cuidados completo que incluye medicamentos, ejercicio e instrucci. Entre las opciones para el tratamiento de la fibromialgia est. Medicamentos Existen varias clases de medicamentos que pueden emplearse para tratar el dolor y otros s. Tres han sido aprobados por la Administraci. Dos de ellos: duloxetine (Cymbalta) y milnacipran (Savella) son inhibidores de la reabsorci. El tercero, pregabalina (Lyrica), reduce las concentraciones de otros neurotransmisores que incrementan la transmisi. Estas sustancias a menudo se clasifican como “antidepresivos”, ya que los niveles bajos de estos mismos neurotransmisores pueden causar depresi. Sin embargo, sirven para tratar la fibromialgia en pacientes con o sin depresi. Otras medicinas que tambi. Las dosis moderadas de f. Esto significa hacer cosas que le ayuden a quedarse dormido. El establecer un horario para acostarse y para levantarse y adherirse estrictamente a . Su cuerpo podr. Su habitaci. Reserve su habitaci. No instale una oficina en su dormitorio. Realice las actividades que le produzcan tensi. No beba caf. Evite consumir chocolate en la noche, ya que tiene peque. No haga ejercicios muy pr. Ejercicio y fisioterapia. Hacer ejercicio es un aspecto extremadamente importante en el control y manejo de la fibromialgia. Los estudios muestran que ciertos programas de ejercicios aer. Los ejercicios act. Los ejercicios de estiramiento y relajaci. Los ejercicios de fortalecimiento tambi. Los ejercicios aer. Sin embargo, es importante avanzar en la medida que usted pueda tolerar el ejercicio sin que haya un incremento sustancial del grado de dolor. Muchas personas que tienen fibromialgia descubren que es de mucha utilidad consultar a un fisioterapeuta con experiencia para obtener los mejores resultados. Comience despacio. Puede iniciar con cinco minutos, tres veces al d. Con el tiempo, trate de aumentar la resistencia de su programa de ejercicio para lograr un total de 2. Incremente el tiempo lentamente, a. Haga ejercicios salt. Estire suavemente los m. Los fisioterapeutas pueden ayudarle a desarrollar un programa de ejercicios personalizado para mejorar su postura, flexibilidad y estado f. Prolongar su resistencia es importante y podr. Siga su rutina y sea realista sobre sus metas. A menudo, la simple t. El involucrarse en actividades como el compartir momentos con la familia o amigos le ayudar. Es muy importante que se mantenga tan f. Es importante que identifique y reduzca las fuentes que le producen estr. Para aprender t. Los estudios de investigaci. Un terapeuta o un psic. CONTROLANDO LA FIBROMIALGIA A menudo, las personas con fibromialgia se han sometido a muchas pruebas y han consultado a m. Con frecuencia se les dice que puesto que su apariencia es buena y los resultados de los an. Es posible que amigos y familiares, adem. Tanto usted como su familia deben comprender que la fibromialgia provoca dolor y agotamiento cr. Debe asumir un papel activo en el control de este trastorno, haciendo ejercicio con regularidad, educ. En un estudio de investigaci. Mientras que 9 de 1. Algunos individuos con fibromialgia tienen s. Estas personas podr. Why Diets Fail: How to Block the Hunger Pangs When You Diet. The hardest part of a diet are the cravings. That's because dieting goes against the body’s developed- over- millions- of- years instinct to feed when energy levels drop. There’s a network of neurons that is exquisitely designed to sense when the body’s cells need more calories to fuel the metabolic, enzymatic, muscular, neurologic and sensory things they do. So when the body wants calories, we eat. But what if it were possible to fool the body into thinking that it was full — without eating a bite? Now scientists say you may be able to have your cake and not eat it — at least a little more easily. They worked with mice, but their findings could lead to new obesity treatments for people as well. ![]() In two papers published in Nature and Nature Neuroscience, researchers from different groups culminate a 1. Photograph by Danny Kim for TIME; Gif by Mia Tramz for TIMEBananas. Why they’re good for you: While this tropical fruit is an American favorite, bananas are actually classified as an herb, and the correct name of a “bunch” of bananas is a “hand.” Technicalities aside, bananas are an excellent source of cardioprotective potassium. They’re an effective prebiotic, enhancing the body’s ability to absorb calcium, and they increase dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin – brain chemicals that counter depression. ![]() Serving size: one medium banana. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 1. Fat: 0. 4 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 1 mg. Carbohydrates: 2. Dietary fiber: 3 g. Sugars: 1. 4 g. Protein: 1. Recipe from Cooking Light: Citrusy Banana- Oat Smoothie. Ingredients. 2/3 cup fresh orange juice. Greek yogurt. 1 tablespoon flaxseed meal. Preparation. Combine first 7 ingredients in a blender; pulse to combine. ![]() ![]() Add ice; process until smooth. Danny Kim for TIMERaspberries. Why they’re good for you: Raspberries come in gold, black and purple varieties, but red are the most common. Research suggests eating raspberries may help prevent illness by inhibiting abnormal division of cells, and promoting normal healthy cell death. Raspberries are also a rich source of the flavonoids quercetin and gallic acid, which have been shown to boost heart health and prevent obesity and age- related decline. Serving size: one cup of raspberries. Why would I want to drink fermented cabbage juice? Doesn’t it have a “yuck” factor? It might seem to be yucky, but it actually tastes pretty good and it is. Do you buy orange juice at the store? If you do, I’m sure you’re careful to buy the kind that’s 100% juice and not made from concentrate. How to Choose Good Beets for the Juice? Avoid selecting beets that look dry or have scratches or cracks on them. Look for the smooth beetroots with round shape. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 6. Fat: 0. 8 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 1 mg. Carbohydrates: 1. Dietary fiber: 8 g. Sugars: 5. 4 g. Protein: 1. Recipe from Cooking Light: Raspberry and Blue Cheese Salad. Ingredients. 1 1/2 tablespoons olive oil. Dijon mustard. 1/8 teaspoon salt. Preparation Combine olive oil, vinegar, Dijon mustard, salt, and pepper. How to Lose Weight on Soup Diets. You may be able to utilize a variety of soup diets to help you lose excess weight. There are different types of diets that are soup. Who are juice diets good for? People who want to lose weight quickly find that juicing, although possibly extreme, can have dramatic effects on their weight loss. List of Crash Diets – The 15 Crash Diets That Work. Here is an overview of 15 different crash diets that work, and work fast. Most of these crash diets are not. ![]() ![]() Add mixed baby greens; toss. Top with raspberries, pecans, and blue cheese. Do you see an orange—or do you see vitamin C? ![]() Danny Kim for TIMEOranges. Why they’re good for you: Oranges are one of the most potent vitamin C sources and are essential for disarming free- radicals, protecting cells, and sustaining a healthy immune system. Oranges contain a powerful flavonoid molecule called herperidin found in the white pith and peel. In animal studies, herperidin has been shown to lower cholesterol and high blood pressure. So don’t peel all the pith from your orange. Consider adding zest from the skin into your oatmeal for a dose of flavor and health. Serving size: one large orange. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 8. Fat: 0. 2 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 0 mg. Carbohydrates: 2. Dietary fiber: 4. Sugars: 1. 7. 2 g. Protein: 1. 7 g. Recipe from Cooking Light: Avocado and Orange Salad. Ingredients. 1 tablespoon minced garlic. Preparation. Combine garlic, olive oil, black pepper, and kosher salt in a medium bowl. Peel and section orange; squeeze membranes to extract juice into bowl. Stir garlic mixture with a whisk. Add orange sections, grape tomatoes, onion, and avocado to garlic mixture; toss gently. Danny Kim for TIMEKiwi. Why they’re good for you: Ounce for ounce, this fuzzy fruit—technically a berry—has more vitamin C than an orange. It also contains vitamin E and an array of polyphenols, offering a high amount of antioxidant protection. Fiber, potassium, magnesium and zinc—partly responsible for healthy hair, skin and nails—are also wrapped up in this nutritious fruit. Serving size: one kiwi. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 4. Fat: 0. 4 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 2 mg. Carbohydrates: 1. Dietary fiber: 2 g. Sugars: 6 g. Protein: 0. Recipe from Cooking Light: Shrimp and Kiwi Salad. Ingredients. 1 tablespoon olive oil, divided. Preparation. Heat 1 teaspoon oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium- high heat. Add shrimp; saut. Remove from heat. Combine 2 teaspoons oil, onions, and next 7 ingredients (onions through black pepper) in a bowl. Add shrimp; toss to coat. Spoon mixture over lettuce; top with kiwi. Danny Kim for TIMEPomegranates. Why they’re good for you: Pomegranates tend to have more vitamin C and potassium and fewer calories than other fruits. A serving provides nearly 5. C and powerful polyphenols, which may help reduce cancer risk. Serving size: one cup of pomegranate seeds. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 1. Fat: 2 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 5 mg. Carbohydrates: g. Dietary fiber: 7 g. Sugars: 2. 3. 8 g. Protein: 3 g. Recipe from Cooking Light: Pomegranate and Pear Jam. Ingredients. 2 cups sugar. Seckel (or other) pear. Sure- Jell in pink box)1 tablespoon grated lemon rind. Preparation Combine sugar, pear, pomegranate juice, and wine in a large saucepan over medium heat; stir until sugar melts. Bring to a simmer; simmer 2. Remove from heat; mash with a potato masher. Add pomegranate seeds and butter; bring to a boil. Stir in fruit pectin. Return mixture to a boil; cook 1 minute, stirring constantly. Remove from heat; stir in lemon rind and rosemary. Cool to room temperature. Cover and chill overnight. Danny Kim for TIMEBlueberries. Why they’re good for you: Blueberries are rich in a natural plant chemical called anthocyanin which gives these berries their namesake color. Blueberries may help protect vision, lower blood sugar levels and keep the mind sharp by improving memory and cognition. Serving size: one cup of blueberries. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 8. Fat: 0. 5 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 1 mg. Carbohydrates: 2. Dietary fiber: 3. Sugars: 1. 4. 7 g. Protein: 1 g. Recipe from Cooking Light: Lemon- Blueberry with Mascarpone Oatmeal. Ingredients. 3/4 cup water. Dash of salt. 1 teaspoon sugar. Preparation Bring water to a boil in a medium saucepan. Stir in oats and dash of salt. Reduce heat; simmer 5 minutes, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat, and stir in sugar and lemon curd. Top oatmeal with blueberries, mascarpone cheese, and almonds. Danny Kim for TIMEGrapefruit. Why it’s good for you: Grapefruit may not be heralded as a “superfruit,” but it should be. Available in white, pink, yellow and red varieties, grapefruit is low in calories and loaded with nutrients, supporting weight loss, clear skin, digestive balance, increased energy and heart and cancer prevention. Serving size: one large grapefruit. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 5. Fat: 0. 2 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 0 mg. Carbohydrates: 1. Dietary fiber: 1. Sugars: 1. 1. 6 g. Protein: 1 g. Recipe from Cooking Light: Grilled Mahimahi with Peach and Pink Grapefruit Relish. Ingredients. 1/3 cup rice vinegar. Preparation. Prepare grill. Place vinegar and sugar in a small saucepan; bring to a boil. Remove from heat. Place onion in a large bowl. Pour vinegar mixture over onion, tossing to coat; cool. Add peaches, grapefruit, mint, 1/4 teaspoon salt, and 1/4 teaspoon pepper to onion; toss gently. Sprinkle fish with 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper. Place fish on grill rack coated with cooking spray; grill 5 minutes on each side or until fish flakes easily when tested with a fork. Photograph by Danny Kim for TIME; Gif by Mia Tramz for TIMETangerines. Why they’re good for you: A tangerine has more antioxidants than an orange, and this powerful little fruit is full of soluble and insoluble fiber that play a role in reducing disease risk and supporting weight management. Tangerines are a good source of lutein and zeaxanthin, which help lower the risk of chronic eye diseases like cataracts and age- related macular degeneration. Animal studies have suggested that flavonoids found in tangerines may be protective against type 2 diabetes and heart disease, so use the zest on fruit and vegetables to reap the benefits of the fruit’s natural oils. Serving size: one small tangerine. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 4. Fat: 0. 2 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 2 mg. Carbohydrates: 1. Dietary fiber: 1. Sugars: 8 g. Protein: 0. Recipe from Cooking Light: Tangerine and Avocado Salad with Pumpkin Seeds Ingredients. Dash of kosher salt. Preparation Cut tangerines into rounds. Combine tangerines, avocado, lime juice, and olive oil; toss gently to coat. Sprinkle with pumpkin seeds, chili powder, and a dash of kosher salt. Danny Kim for TIMEAvocado. Why it’s good for you: Avocados contain nearly 2. Simply substituting one avocado for a source of saturated fat (such as butter or full fat cheese) may reduce your risk of heart disease, even without weight loss. Serving size: one avocado. Nutrition per serving: Calories: 3. Fat: 2. 9. 5 g. Cholesterol: 0 mg. Sodium: 1. 4 mg. Carbohydrates: 1. Dietary fiber: 1. Sugars: 1 g. Protein: 4 g. Recipe from Cooking Light: Chipotle Pork and Avocado Wrap. Ingredients. 1/2 cup mashed peeled avocado. Simply Roasted Pork (about 8 ounces)1 cup shredded iceberg lettuce. Preparation. Combine the first 7 ingredients, stirring well. Warm tortillas according to package directions. Spread about 2 tablespoons avocado mixture over each tortilla, leaving a 1- inch border. Arrange Simply Roasted Pork slices down center of tortillas. Top each tortilla with 1/4 cup shredded lettuce and 1 tablespoon salsa, and roll up. Danny Kim for TIMETomatoes. Why they’re good for you: Tomatoes are a nutritional powerhouse. They’re rich in lycopene, a potent weapon against cancer. The 2 Pounds Per Week Rule and How to Burn Fat Faster. Tom Venuto – author of Burn the Fat, Feed the Muscle. Note from John: this is a guest article by Tom Venuto, author of the EXCELLENT book, Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle. You can read my review on Amazon. Why do you always hear that 2 pounds per week is the maximum amount of fat you should safely lose? If you train really hard while watching calories closely shouldn’t you be able to lose more fat without losing muscle or damaging your health? What if you want to lose fat faster? How do you explain the fast weight losses on The Biggest Loser? These are all good questions that I’ve been asked many times. With the diet marketplace being flooded every day with rapid weight loss claims, these questions desperately need and deserve some honest answers. ![]() Want to know where that 2 pounds per week rule comes from and what it really takes to burn more than 2 pounds of fat per week? Read on. Why Only 2 Pounds Per Week? The truth is, two pounds is not the maximum amount you can safely lose in a week. That’s only a general recommendation and a good benchmark for setting weekly goals. It’s also sensible and realistic because it’s based on average or typical results. The actual amount of fat you can lose depends on many factors. South Beach Diet - 2-Week Eating Plan Follow these South Beach Diet guidelines and the Sample Meal Plans to kick-start your weight loss! Adapted from "The South Beach. He graduated from Peter Symonds College in the UK with A Levels in. The different medicines available for an induction abortion may be combined for effectiveness and to decrease the amount of bleeding. An induction abortion does cause. The maintenance phase is the 3 week period after you finish your hcg drops or injections. Simeons outlines a few rules here: you must weigh yourself every day. Tampa Rejuvenation offers safe and proven weight loss programs. If you’ve tried many diet programs and weight loss treatments that just aren’t working for you, we. ![]() ![]() For example, weight losses tend to be relative to body size. The more body fat you carry, the more likely you’ll be able to safely lose more than two pounds per week. Therefore, we could individualize our weekly guideline a bit by recommending a goal of 1- 2 lbs of fat loss per week or up to 1% of your total weight. If you weighed 3. Body Weight Vs Body Composition. Weight loss is somewhat meaningless unless you also talk about body composition; the fat to muscle ratio, as well as water weight. Ask any wrestler about fast weight loss and he’ll tell you things like, “I cut 1. It was easy – I just sweated it off.”You’ve also probably seen people that went on some extreme induction program or a lemon juice and water fast for the first week and dropped an enormous amount of weight. But once again, you can bet that a lot of that weight was water and lean tissue and in both cases, you can bet that those people put the weight right back on. The main potential advantage of any type of induction period for rapid weight loss in the first week is that a large drop on the scale is a motivational boost for many people (even if it is mostly water weight). ![]() Why do you hear so many diet and fitness professionals insist on 2 lbs a week max? Where does that number come from? Well, aside from the fact that it’s a recommendation in government health guidelines and in position statements of most nutrition and exercise organizations, it’s just math. The math is based on what’s practical given the number of calories an average person burns in a day and how much food someone can reasonably cut in a day. How Do You Lose More Than 2 Pounds Per Week? Can you lose more than 2 lbs of pure fat in a week? Yes, although it’s easier in the beginning. It gets harder as your diet progresses. How do you do it? My rule is, extraordinary results require extraordinary efforts. An extraordinary effort means a particularly strict diet, as well as burning more calories through training because you can only cut your calories so far from food before you’re starving and suffering from severe hunger. Simply put, you need a bigger calorie deficit. If you have a 2. 50. You would lose weight rapidly for as long as you could maintain that deficit (although it would slow down over time). Most people aren’t going to last long on so little food and they often end with a period of binge eating. It’s not practical (or fun) to cut calories so much and in some cases it could be unhealthy. The other alternative is to train for hours and hours a day, literally. People ask me all the time, “Tom, how is it possible for the Biggest Loser contestants to lose so much weight? Well first of all they’re not measuring body fat, only body weight. ![]() Then you have the high starting body weights and the large water weight loss in the beginning. After that, just do the math – they’re training hours a day so they’re creating a huge calorie deficit. But without that team of trainers, dieticians, teammates, a national audience and all that prize money, do you think they’d be motivated and accountable enough to do anywhere near that amount and intensity of exercise in the real world? Would it even be possible if they had a job and family? Not likely, is it? It’s not practical to do that much exercise, and it’s not practical to cut your calories below a 1. Phase 1 Your Body Reboot See results in your first 2 weeks. Reset your body for fast weight loss. Enjoy fully prepared meals 5 days per week. Get the hang of healthy. If you manage to achieve the latter, it’s very difficult not to rebound and regain the weight afterwards for a variety of physiological and psychological reasons. Get The Best Fat Loss Tips Delivered Right To Your Inbox. Subscribe to my FREE newsletter and you’ll also get my FREE “Health- First Fat Loss” mini- course and a FREE fat loss report to help you Skyrocket Your Fat Loss Success (PDF download): Here’s a preview of what you’ll be receiving over just the first two weeks. ![]() This can help speed up the fat loss within a given amount of time. But as you begin to utilize higher intensity workouts, you have to start being on guard for overtraining or overuse injuries. That’s why strict nutrition with an aggressive calorie deficit is going to have to be a major part of any fast fat loss strategy. Unfortunately, very low calorie dieting has its own risks in the way of lean tissue loss, slower metabolism, extreme hunger, and greater chance of weight re- gain. My approach to long term weight control is to lose weight slowly and patiently and follow a nutrition plan that is well balanced between lean protein, healthy fats and natural carbs and doesn’t demonize any entire food group. To lose fat, you simply create a caloric deficit by burning more and eating less (keeping the nutrient density of those calories as high as possible, of course). ![]() But to achieve the extraordinary goals such as photo- shoot- ready, super- low body fat or simply faster than average fat loss, while minimizing the risks, I often turn to a stricter cyclical low carb diet for brief “peaking” programs. I explain this method in chapter 1. Burn The Fat, Feed The Muscle (it’s my “phase III” or “competition” diet). The cyclical aspect of the diet means that after three to six days of an aggressive calorie deficit and strict diet, you take a high calorie / high carb day to re- feed the body and re- stimulate the metabolism. Essentially, this helps reduce the starvation signals your body is receiving. It’s also a psychological break from the deprivation which helps improve compliance and prevent relapse. The higher protein intake can help prevent lean tissue loss and curb the hunger. A high protein diet also helps by ramping up dietary thermogenesis. A high intake of greens, fibrous vegetables and low calorie fruits can help tip the energy balance equation in your favor as fibrous veggies are very low in calorie density and some of the calories in the fiber are not metabolizable. Healthy fats are added in adequate quantities, while the calorie- dense simple sugars and starchy carbs are kept to a minimum except on refeed days and after (or around) intense workouts. There’s No Magic, Just Math. In my experience, a high protein, reduced carb approach in conjunction with weights and cardio can help maximize fat loss – both in terms of increasing speed of fat loss and particularly for getting rid of the last of the stubborn fat. It helps with appetite control too. But always bear in mind that the faster fat loss occurs primarily as a result of the larger calorie deficit (which is easily achieved with sugars and starches minimized), not some type of “low carb magic.”If your diet were high in natural carbs but you were able to diligently maintain the same large calorie deficit, the results would be similar. I’m seeing more and more advertisements that not only promise rapid weight loss, but go so far as saying that you’re doing it wrong if you’re losing “only” two pounds per week. Well, it’s certainly possible to lose more than two pounds per week, but it’s critically important to understand that there’s a world of difference between rapid weight loss and permanent fat loss. It’s also vital to know that there’s no magic in faster fat loss, just math. All the new- fangled dietary manipulations and high intensity training programs that really do help increase the speed of fat loss all come full circle to the calorie balance equation in the end, even if they claim their method works for other reasons and they don’t mention calories burned or consumed at all. Beware of The Quick Fix. Faster fat loss IS possible. My question is, are you willing to tolerate the hunger, low calories and high intensity exercise for that kind of deficit? Do you have the work ethic? Do you have the supreme level of dietary restraint necessary to stop yourself from binging and putting the weight right back on when that aggressive diet is over? Or would you rather do it in a more moderate way where you’re not killing yourself, but instead are making slow and steady lifestyle changes and taking off 1- 2 lbs of pure fat per week, while keeping all your hard- earned muscle? Remember, 1- 2 pounds per week is 5. Is that really so slow or is that an astounding transformation? You don’t gain 5. Personally, I think short- term thinking and the pursuit of quick fixes are the worst diseases of our generation. If you want to be one of those “results not typical” fat loss transformations, it can be done and it may be a perfectly appropriate short- term goal for the savvy and sophisticated fitness enthusiast. It’s your call. But when you set your goals, it might be wise to remember that old fable of the tortoise and the hare, and buyer beware if you go shopping for a fast weight loss program in today’s shady marketplace. Update from John: If you liked this article, then you’ll love Tom’s best- selling book Burn The Fat Feed The Muscle. The antrum is the lower third of the stomach. It is also known as. Because an antrectomy is the. An antrectomy may be done to treat. An antrectomy may be. AVMs are collections. ![]() Partial gastric resection is used to treat cases of benign gastric disease for which resection is indicated, malignant gastric tumors, such as adenocarcinoma, where. SURGICAL OPERATIONS: surgery is the branch of medicine that treats diseases, injuries, and deformities by manual or operative methods (click here for main in. Gastrectomy Definition Gastrectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach. Purpose Gastrectomy is performed for several reasons, most commonly to. ![]() Gastrojejunostomy is a surgical procedure in which an anastomosis is created between the stomach and the proximal loop of the jejunum. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease from the Professional Version of the Merck Manuals. Billroth Surgery is a partial resection of the stomach with anastomosis to the duodenum (Billroth I) or to the jejunum (Billroth II). It is a standard treatment for. An antrectomy is the resection, or surgical removal, of a part of the stomach known as the antrum. The antrum is the lower third of the stomach that lies. Definition A gastroduodenostomy is a surgical reconstruction procedure by which a new connection between the stomach and the first portion of the small. It was performed following.AVMs can cause bleeding into the gastrointestinal. The type of AVM most likely to occur in. GAVE) syndrome. GOO is not a single disease or. In about 3. 7% of cases, the cause of the obstruction. PUD, gallstones, bezoars, or scarring. The. other 6. 3% of cases are caused by pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, or. An antrectomy may be done as an emergency measure. According to the. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), about 1. Americans will. develop an ulcer in the stomach or duodenum at some point in their life. About 6,5. 00 Americans die each year from. PUD. The annual costs to the United States. Adults between the. Duodenal ulcers are more. Other risk. factors for PUD include heavy smoking and a family history of either. It has been associated with. Mediterranean fever, and heart disease. GAVE affects women slightly more. It is almost always found in the elderly; the. About 2. 4,0. 00. United States are diagnosed each year with gastric cancer. Men are more likely to develop gastric cancer than women. After the patient is. After the patient's abdomen has. After separating the overlying. One clamp is placed at. A cutting stapler may be used to remove the lower. After the stomach and intestine have been reattached, the. This is a procedure in which the surgeon cuts various branches of the. The surgeon may choose to perform a selective. However, as of 2. In many cases the. If the patient is older or has lost a large amount. If there is a history of duodenal or gastric ulcers in the. Pain associated with duodenal. Pain from gastric ulcers, on the other hand. An endoscope is a thin flexible tube with a light source and. The video. camera attached to the endoscope projects images on a computer screen. The endoscope can be used to collect tissue cells for a. A tissue. biopsy can be used to test for the presence of. Helicobacter pylori. Endoscopy. is one of the most effective tests for diagnosing AVMs. The patient is given a. The barium coats the tissues. The radiologist can also watch the barium. This test can be used to monitor the effects of. H. The patient is given urea labeled with either carbon 1. C or 1. 4- C. The carbon. These tests. include an EKG, x rays, blood tests, and a urine test. The patient is. asked to discontinue. No. solid food or liquid should be taken after midnight of the evening before. The general anesthesia is. Recuperation at home usually takes. The patient is given an endoscopic check- up about six to. About 3. 0% of patients who have had an. Dumping syndrome results from food leaving the stomach too. There are two types of dumping syndrome, early and late. Early. dumping occurs 1. Late dumping occurs one to three hours. Most patients are able to manage. This complication is more likely to occur in patients who had. About 3. 0–6. 0% of patients who have had a combined. The most common cause of. In some cases, however, the patient loses weight because the. Iron- deficiency anemia, folate deficiency. Dysphagia, or discomfort in swallowing, may occur after an. Bezoars are collections of foreign material (usually. They may develop after an antrectomy if. The. success rate is even higher in treating watermelon stomach. Antrectomies. performed to treat gastric cancer or penetrating abdominal trauma are less. It is usually reserved for patients with. Its first symptoms are often mild and easily. As a result. the cancer has often spread beyond the stomach by the time it is. Since no single antibiotic is. H. These are used together with antibiotics in triple therapy to. H. blockers include cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine. These medications include drugs such as. They are given to suppress production of. These are given to treat ulcers produced by a group of. NSAIDs. Prostaglandins protect the stomach. The best- known medication in. Sucralfate is a compound of sucrose and aluminum that covers. These compounds are available as OTC tablets or liquids. Sold as an OTC under the trade name Pepto- Bismol. H. About 1. 0. different methods are in use as of 2. AVMs with the help of an endoscope; the most common involve the injection. Nd: YAG laser to coagulate the. Watermelon stomach is now treated more often with. Recurrent bleeding. Ayurvedic. medicine, which is the traditional medical system of India, classifies. People who belong to the type. In Japanese medicine, ulcer remedies made from. Western herbalists. Beers, MD, and Robert Berkow, MD. Whitehouse Station. NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 1. Beers, MD, and Robert Berkow, MD. Whitehouse Station. NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 1. Oakville, ON: Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, 2. Molloy, et al. Mann, MD, and James de Caestecker, DO. Scheubel, and M. Willen, and A. Ormonde, and B. Carter, et al. Del Ray Avenue. Bethesda, MD 2. Kensington. Road, Suite 2. Oak Brook, IL 6. 05. South Sheridan Way. Oakville, ON L6. J 7. L6 (8. 88) 7. 80- 0. Clifton Road. Atlanta, GA 3. NCI Public Inquiries Office, Suite 3. A. 6. 11. 6 Executive Boulevard, MSC8. Bethesda, MD 2. 08. Information Way, Bethesda, MD 2. NIH Publication No. It is. usually performed by a specialist in gastrointestinal surgery or. Which would. you recommend and why? Would I be eligible. For many patients, this entails removing not just the tumor but part of the stomach as well. The extent to which lymph nodes should also be removed is a subject of some debate, but some studies show additional survival benefit associated with removal of a greater number of lymph nodes. Gastrectomy, either total or subtotal (also called partial), is the treatment of choice for gastric adenocarcinomas, primary gastric lymphomas (originating in the stomach), and the rare leiomyosarcomas (also called gastric sarcomas). Adenocarcinomas are by far the most common form of stomach cancer and are less curable than the relatively uncommon lymphomas, for which gastrectomy offers good odds for survival. After gastrectomy, the surgeon may . Several different surgical techniques are used, but, generally speaking, the surgeon attaches any remaining portion of the stomach to the small intestine. Gastrectomy for gastric cancer is almost always done by the traditional . However, some surgeons use a laparoscopic technique that requires only a small incision. The laparoscope is connected to a tiny video camera that projects a picture of the abdominal contents onto a monitor for the surgeon's viewing. The stomach is operated on through this incision. The potential benefits of laparoscopic surgery include less postoperative pain, decreased hospitalization, and earlier return to normal activities. The use of laparoscopic gastrectomy is limited, however. Only patients with early stage gastric cancers or those whose surgery is only intended for palliation—pain and symptomatic relief rather than cure—should be considered for this minimally invasive technique. It can only be performed by surgeons experienced in this type of surgery. Gastrectomy for ulcers. Gastrectomy is also occasionally used in the treatment of severe peptic ulcer disease or its complications. While the vast majority of peptic ulcers (gastric ulcers in the stomach or duodenal ulcers in the duodenum) are managed with medication, partial gastrectomy is Gastrectomy, the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach, is performed primarily to remove a malignant tumor or to cure a bleeding stomach ulcer. Following the gastrectomy, the surgeon may reconstruct the altered portions of the digestive tract so that it continues to function.(Illustration by Electronic Illustrators Group.)sometimes required for peptic ulcer patients who have complications. These include patients who do not respond satisfactorily to medical therapy, those who develop a bleeding or perforated ulcer, and those who develop pyloric obstruction, a blockage to the exit from the stomach. The surgical procedure for severe ulcer disease is also called an antrectomy, a limited form of gastrectomy in which the antrum, a portion of the stomach, is removed. For duodenal ulcers, antrectomy may be combined with other surgical procedures that are aimed at reducing the secretion of gastric acid, which is associated with ulcer formation. This additional surgery is commonly a vagotomy, surgery on the vagus nerve that disables the acid- producing portion of the stomach. Preparation. Before undergoing gastrectomy, patients may need a variety of tests, such as x rays, computed tomography scans (CT scans), ultrasonography, or endoscopic biopsies (microscopic examination of tissue), to assure the diagnosis and localize the tumor or ulcer. Laparoscopy may be done to diagnose a malignancy or to determine the extent of a tumor that is already diagnosed. When a tumor is strongly suspected, laparoscopy is often performed immediately before the surgery to remove the tumor; this avoids the need to anesthetize the patient twice and sometimes avoids the need for surgery altogether if the tumor found on laparoscopy is deemed inoperable. Aftercare. It is important to follow any instructions that have been given for postoperative care. Major surgery usually requires a recuperation time of several weeks. Risks. Surgery for peptic ulcer is effective, but it may result in a variety of postoperative complications. After gastrectomy, as many as 3. An operation called highly selective vagotomy is now preferred for ulcer management, and is safer than gastrectomy. After a gastrectomy, several abnormalities may develop that produce symptoms related to food intake. This happens largely because the stomach, which serves as a food reservoir, has been reduced in its capacity by the surgery. Other surgical procedures that often accompany gastrectomy for ulcer disease can also contribute to later symptoms: vagotomy, which lessens acid production and slows stomach emptying, and pyloroplasty, which enlarges the opening between the stomach and small intestine to facilitate emptying of the stomach. Some patients experience light- headedness, heart palpitations or racing heart, sweating, and nausea and vomiting after a meal. These may be symptoms of . This is treated by adjusting the diet and pattern of eating, for example, eating smaller, more frequent meals, and limiting liquids. Patients who have abdominal bloating and pain after eating, frequently followed by nausea and vomiting, may have what is called the afferent loop syndrome. This is treated by surgical correction. Patients who have early satiety (feeling of fullness after eating), abdominal discomfort, and vomiting may have bile reflux gastritis (also called bilious vomiting), which is also surgically correctable. Many patients also experience weight loss. Reactive hypoglycemia is a condition that results when blood sugar becomes too high after a meal, stimulating the release of insulin, about two hours after eating. A high- protein diet and smaller meals are advised. Ulcers recur in a small percentage of patients after surgery for peptic ulcer, usually in the first few years. Further surgery is usually necessary. Vitamin and mineral supplementation is necessary after gastrectomy to correct certain deficiencies, especially vitamin B1. Vitamin D and calcium are also needed to prevent and treat the bone problems that often occur. These include softening and bending of the bones, which can produce pain, and osteoporosis, a loss of bone mass. According to one study, the risk for spinal fractures may be as high as 5. Depending on the extent of surgery, the risk for post- operative death after gastrectomy for gastric cancer has been reported as 1- 3% and the risk of non- fatal complications as 9- 1. Normal results. Overall survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer varies greatly by the stage of disease at the time of surgery. For early gastric cancer, the five- year survival rate is up to 8. For gastric adenocarcinomas that are amenable to gastrectomy, the five- year survival rate is 1. The prognosis for patients with gastric lymphoma is better, with five- year survival rates reported at 4. Most studies have shown that patients can have an acceptable quality of life after gastrectomy for a potentially curable gastric cancer. Many patients will maintain a healthy appetite and eat a normal diet. Others may lose weight and not enjoy meals as much. Some studies show that patients who have total gastrectomies have more disease- related or treatment- related symptoms after surgery and poorer physical function than patients who have subtotal gastrectomies. There does not appear to be much difference, however, in emotional status or social activity level between patients who have undergone total versus subtotal gastrectomies. Resources. Books. Feldman, Mark., et al., editors. Philadelphia: W. Saunders Co., 1. Key terms. Antrectomy — A surgical procedure for ulcer disease in which the antrum, a portion of the stomach, is removed. Laparoscopy — The examination of the inside of the abdomen through a lighted tube, sometimes accompanied by surgery. Hiatal Hernia Symptoms, Treatment, Causes. Is there one more than one. The most common type of hiatal hernia is a sliding hiatal hernia. This. accounts for 9. With a sliding hernia, the GE junction and a portion of the. The hernia is. more prominent during inspiration when the diaphragm contracts and descends. What are the common gallbladder surgery complications? Scroll down to learn about the post-cholecystectomy complications. This GE Profile Series Stainless Steel Interior Dishwasher With Hidden Controls #PDT750SMFES scored very well on our cleaning, rinsing, and drying tests. Ready to be entertained? Virgin Media has got movies, sport, games, music, TV, news, and even a cheeky bit of gossip – everything you’ve ever wanted, all in one. ![]() ![]() In a paraesophageal hernia, the gap in the phrenoesophageal membrane is. GE junction remains below the diaphragm. The stomach has a protective lining. Unfortunately, the esophagus does not have a similar protective. Instead it relies on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) located at the. GE junction and the muscle of the diaphragm surrounding the esophagus to act as. In. addition to the LES, the normal location of the GE junction within the abdominal. There is increased. LES, the diaphragm and the abdominal cavity creates a zone. In the situation of a sliding hiatal hernia, the GE junction moves above the. Acid is. allowed to reflux back into the esophagus causing inflammation of the lining of. GERD. These symptoms may include the following: heartburn: chest pain or burning, nausea. Symptoms usually are worse after meals. These symptoms may be made worse when. In some patients, reflux into the lower esophagus sets off nervous reflexes. A few patients may reflux acid droplets into the back of their. This acid can be inhaled or aspirated into the lung causing coughing. This may occur in. Most paraesophageal hiatal hernias have no symptoms of reflux because the GE. Fortunately, paraesophageal hernias are. However, volvulus is a surgical emergency and causes. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 8/8/2. Approach Considerations, Autoantibody Assays, Serum Proteins and Immunoglobulins. Oettinger R, Brunnberg A, Gerner P, Wintermeyer P, Jenke A, Wirth S. Clinical features and biochemical data of Caucasian children at diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun. 2. 4(1): 7. Strassburg CP, Manns MP. Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Is there one more than one type of hiatal hernia? What are the signs and symptoms of a hiatal hernia? Get information about the various types of genetic dental abnormalities and evaluate the various symptoms associated with each. Objective To examine the traditional diet-heart hypothesis through recovery and analysis of previously unpublished data from the Minnesota Coronary Experiment (MCE. Vegetarianism; Description: A vegetarian diet is derived from plants, with or without eggs or dairy. Varieties: Ovo, Lacto, Ovo-lacto, Veganism, Raw veganism. ![]() ![]() Semin Liver Dis. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2. Aug 1. 7. The diagnostic importance of ACTH. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). Kunkel HG, Ahrens EH, Eisenmenger WJ. ![]() Extreme hypergammaglobulinemia in young women with liver disease of unknown etiology. J Clin Invest. Bearn AG, Kunkel HG, Slater RJ. The problems of chronic liver disease in young women. Joske RA, King WE. The L. E.- cell phenomenon in active chronic viral hepatitis. Cowling DC, Mackay IR, Taft LI. Lupoid hepatitis. Dec 2. 9. 2. 71(6. Johnson PJ, Mc. Farlane IG. Meeting report: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Scully LJ, Toze C, Sengar DP, et al. Early- onset autoimmune hepatitis is associated with a C4. A gene deletion. Gastroenterology. Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ, et al. Genetic predispositions for the immunological features of chronic active hepatitis. Longhi MS, Ma Y, Mieli- Vergani G, Vergani D. Aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Autoimmun. 2. 00. Sep 1. 7. Vento S, Cainelli F. Is there a role for viruses in triggering autoimmune hepatitis? Autoimmun Rev. Wen L, Peakman M, Lobo- Yeo A, Mc. Farlane BM, Mowat AP, Mieli- Vergani G, et al. T- cell- directed hepatocyte damage in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Dec 2. 2- 2. 9. 3. Umemura T, Ota M. Genetic factors affect the etiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin J Gastroenterol. Wang Q, Yang F, Miao Q, Krawitt EL, Gershwin ME, Ma X. The clinical phenotypes of autoimmune hepatitis: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2. 01. Nov 2. 1. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 1. Pathmakanthan S, Kay EW, Murray FE. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. Autoimmune hepatitis. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Company; 1. Ramakrishna J, Johnson AR, Banner BF. Long- term minocycline use for acne in healthy adolescents can cause severe autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. Adar T, Mizrahi M, Pappo O, Scheiman- Elazary A, Shibolet O. Adalimumab- induced autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. Fairhurst DA,Sheehan- Dre R. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with infliximab in a patient with palmoplanter pustular psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. Liu ZX, Kaplowitz N. Immune- mediated drug- induced liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 6(3): 7. Casswall TH, N. Helicobacter species DNA in liver and gastric tissues in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. Michitaka K, Nishiguchi S, Aoyagi Y, Hiasa Y, Tokumoto Y, Onji M. Etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan: a nationwide survey. J Gastroenterol. 2. Sep 3. 0. Seki T, Kiyosawa K, Inoko H, et al. Association of autoimmune hepatitis with HLA- Bw. DR4 in Japanese patients. Prevalence and epidemiology of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 6(3): 6. Special clinical challenges in autoimmune hepatitis: the elderly, males, pregnancy, mild disease, fulminant onset, and nonwhite patients. 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